Computer 11th First
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11-ம் வகுப்பு (Computer Science)
மாணவர்கள் சரியான பதிலை தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும். தவறுகள் மற்றும் குறைகள் இருந்தால் தெரிவிக்கவும்
என்னிடம் பதில்கள் உள்ளது. நான் உனக்கு உதவி செய்கிறேன்.
Important points
Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the memory unit for further processing. Example: Keyboard, mouse, etc.
A Computer is an electronic device that
takes raw data (unprocessed) as an input from the user and processes it under the
control of a set of instructions (called program), produces a result (output), and
saves it for future use.
Information: Information is a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn. In simple words we can say that data is the raw facts that is processed to give meaningful, ordered or structured information. For example subhashini is 16 years old. This information is about subhashini and conveys some meaning. This conversion of data into information is called data processing.
Data: Data is defined as an un-processed collection of raw facts, suitable for communication, interpretation or processing. For example, 134, 16 ‘Raja’, ‘C’ are data. This will not give any meaningful message.
Laser Printers Laser printers mostly work with similar technology used by photocopiers. It makes a laser beam scan back and forth across a drum inside the printer, building up a pattern. It can produce very good quality of graphic images. One of the chief characteristics of laser printer is their resolution, that is Dots perinch (DPI). The available resolution range around 1200 dpi. Approximately it can print 100 pages per minute(PPM)
Let us first have a look at the functional components of a computer. Every task given to a computer follows an Input- Process- Output Cycle (IPO cycle). It needs certain input, processes that input and produces the desired output. The input unit takes the input, the central processing unit does the processing of data and the output unit produces the output. The memory unit holds the data and instructions during the processing.
CPU is the major component which interprets and executes software instructions. It also control the operation of all other components such as memory, input and output units. It accepts binary data as input, process the data according to the instructions and provide the result as output. The CPU has three components which are Control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and Memory unit.
Monitor: Monitor is the most commonly used output device to display the information. It looks like a TV. Pictures on a monitor are formed with picture elements called PIXELS. Monitors may either be Monochrome which display text or images in Black and White or can be color, which display results in multiple colors. There are many types of monitors available such as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes). The monitor works with the VGA (Video Graphics Array) card. The video graphics card helps the keyboard to communicate with the screen. It acts as an interface between the computer and display monitor. Usually the recent motherboards incorporate built-in video card. The first computer monitor was part of the Xerox Alto computer system, which was released on March 1, 1973.
An Operating system (OS) is a basic software that makes the computer to work. When a computer is switched on, there is no information in its RAM.At the same time, in ROM, the pre-written program called POST (Power on Self Test) will be executed first. This program checks if the devices like RAM, keyboard, etc., are connected properly and ready to operate. If these devices are ready, then the BIOS (Basic Input Output System) gets executed. This process is called Booting. Thereafter, a program called “Bootstrap Loader” transfers OS from hard disk into main memory. Now the OS gets loaded (Windows/Linux, etc.,) and will get executed. Booting process is of two types. 1) Cold Booting 2) Warm Booting Cold Booting: When the system starts from initial state i.e. it is switched on, we call it cold booting or Hard Booting. When the user presses the Power button, the instructions are read from the ROM to initiate the booting process. Warm Booting: When the system restarts or when Reset button is pressed, we call it Warm Booting or Soft Booting. The system does not start from initial state and so all diagnostic tests need not be carried out in this case. There are chances of data loss and system damage as the data might not have been stored properly.
•Computers are seen everywhere around us, in all spheres of life.
• It is an electronic device that processes the input according to the set of instructions provided to it and gives the desired output at a very fast rate.
•Based on various stages of development, computers can be divided into six different generations.
• The computer is the combination of hardware and software.
• Hardware is the physical component of a computer.
• Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer.
• CPU interprets and executes software instructions.
• The ALU is a part of the CPU where various computing functions are performed on data.
• The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices.
• An Output Unit is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people in user understandable form.
• The Memory Unit is of two kinds which are primary memory and secondary memory.
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