Flash Cards Breeding and Biotechnology

Important Questions

Flash cards

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1) What are Stem Cells?

1) Stem Cells are undifferentiated or unspecialised mass of cells. The stem cells are the cells of variable potency

2) What are two types of stem cells?

2) Embryonic stem cells can be extracted and cultured from the early embryos. These cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst. These cells can be developed into any cell in the body

Adult stem cell or somatic cell : are found in the neonatal (new born) and adults. They have the ability to divide and give rise to specific cell types. Sources of adult stem cells are amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and bone marrow.

3) How are stem cells useful in regenerative process?

3) Sometimes cells tissues and organs in the body may permanently damaged or lost due to genetic conditions or disease or injury. In such situations stem cells are used for the treatment of diseases which is called stem-cell therapy. In treating neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease neuronal stem cells can be used to replace the damaged or lost neurons.

4) What are the applications of DNA Fingerprinting ?

1) DNA fingerprinting technique is widely used in forensic applications like crime investigation such as identifying the culprit, It is also used for paternity testing in case of disputes.

2) It also helps in the study of genetic diversity of population, evolution and speciation

5)What is Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) ?

5) One of the most tremendous development of genetic engineering is the production of genetically modified (GM) plants and animals.Genetic Modification refers to the alteration or manipulation of genes in the organisms using rDNA techniques in order to produce the desired characteristics. The DNA fragment inserted is called transgene

Plants or animals expressing a modified endogenous gene or a foregin gene are also known as transgenic organisms.

6)Development of Dolly

6) Dolly was the first cloned female sheep, developed by Dr. Ian Wilmut and his collegeues at the Roslin Institute, Scotland in July 1996. Dolly was created by somatic cell nuclear transfer technique.. She lived for 6.5 years and died in 2003 because of lung disease.

7) What are the Pharmaceutical product developed by rDNA technique?

1) Insulin used in the treatment of diabetes 2) Human growth hormone used for treating children with growth deficiencies 3) Blood clotting factors are developed to treat haemophilia 4) Tissue plasminogen activator is used to dissolved blood clots and prevent heart attack 5) Development of vaccines against various diseases like Hepatitis B and rabies

8) Gene Therapy

8) Gene therapy refers to the replacement of defective gene by the direct transfer of functional genes into humans to treat genetic disease or disorder. It was first successfully implemented in 1990. Somatic gene therapy is the replacement defective gene in somatic cells. Germ line gene therapy replacement of defective gene in germ cell (egg. and sperm)